Adiantum pedatum - Adiante du Canada

Famille: Polypodiaceae, Genre: Adiantum
Fougère à croissance lente (0.45m de haut par 0.45m de large).

Habitat

Exposition
Mi-ombre
Humidité
Humidité moyenne.
Sol
Tous sols. Nécessite un sol drainant.
pH
Sol acide ou calcaire
Rusticité
Zone 3
Habitat originel
Moist woods from lowland to middle altitudes in the mountains of Western N. America[60].
Origine géographique
N. America - Alaska to Quebec and Nova Scotia, south to California and Georgia. E. Asia

Dangers connus

  • Although we have found no reports of toxicity for this species, a number of ferns contain carcinogens so some caution is advisable [200].
  • Many ferns also contain thiaminase, an enzyme that robs the body of its vitamin B complex .
  • In small quantities this enzyme will do no harm to people eating an adequate diet that is rich in vitamin B, though large quantities can cause severe health problems .
  • The enzyme is destroyed by heat or thorough drying, so cooking the plant will remove the thiaminase [172].

Usages médicinaux

  • The whole plant is considered to be antirheumatic, astringent, demulcent, emmenagogue, expectorant, febrifuge, haemostatic, pectoral and tonic [172, 222, 240].
  • A tea or syrup is used in the treatment of nasal congestion, asthma, sore throats etc [222].
  • A decoction of the root was massaged into rheumatic joints [257].
  • The N. American Indians chewed the fronds and then applied them to wounds to stop bleeding [213].
  • A strong infusion of the whole plant was has been used as an emetic in the treatment of ague and fevers [257].
  • This plant was highly valued as a medicinal plant in the 19th century and merits scientific investigation [222].

Autres usages

  • The stipe of the plant is used as an ornament in basketry [172, 157].
  • The leaves can be used as a lining for carrying or storing fruits in baskets and on racks [257].
  • The plant is used as a hair conditioner [172].
  • The stems have been used as a hair wash to make the hair shiny [222].
  • Plants can be used for ground cover when planted about 30cm apart either way, they form a slowly spreading clump [208].

Culture

  • Easily grown in a cool moist shady position [1, 187].
  • Requires an abundance of moisture in the air and soil [1].
  • Prefers an alkaline soil [200].
  • Requires an acid soil according to another report .
  • A very ornamental plant[1], it does not always succeed outdoors in Britain [1].
  • It probably prefers to be covered in snow overwinter - could a mulch help[1]? .
  • .
  • Les membres de ce genre sont rarement (ou jamais) incommodés par le broutage des cerfs. [233].
  • Plants have a slowly-increasing rootstock [233].

Propagation

  • Spores - best sown as soon as ripe on the surface of a humus-rich sterilized soil .
  • Keep the compost moist, preferably by putting a plastic bag over the pot .
  • Pot on small clumps of plantlets as soon as they are large enough to handle and keep them humid until they are well established .
  • Do not plant outside until the ferns are at least 2 years old and then only in a very well sheltered position .
  • Division au printemps ou à l'automne .

Pollinisation

Auto-fertile
Non

Divers

Pollution
Non
Autres réferences
[60, 200, 235]

Réferences

[1] F. Chittendon. RHS Dictionary of Plants plus Supplement. 1956 1951.
Comprehensive listing of species and how to grow them. Somewhat outdated, it has been replaces in 1992 by a new dictionary (see [200]).
[60] Hitchcock. C. L. Vascular Plants of the Pacific Northwest. 1955.
A standard flora for Western N. America with lots of information on habitat etc. Five large volumes, it is not for the casual reader.
[157] Wrigley. J. W. and Fagg. M. Australian Native Plants. 1988.
A lovely book, written in order to encourage Australian gardeners to grow their native plants. A little bit of information for the plant project.
[172] Schofield. J. J. Discovering Wild Plants - Alaska, W. Canada and the Northwest.
A nice guide to some useful plants in that area.
[187] Phillips. R. & Rix. M. Perennials Volumes 1 and 2. 1991.
Photographs of over 3,000 species and cultivars of ornamental plants together with brief cultivation notes, details of habitat etc.
[200] Huxley. A. The New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. 1992. 1992.
Excellent and very comprehensive, though it contains a number of silly mistakes. Readable yet also very detailed.
[208] Thomas. G. S. Plants for Ground Cover 1990.
An excellent detailled book on the subject, very comprehensive.
[213] Weiner. M. A. Earth Medicine, Earth Food. 1980.
A nice book to read though it is difficult to look up individual plants since the book is divided into separate sections dealing with the different medicinal uses plus a section on edible plants. Common names are used instead of botanical.
[222] Foster. S. & Duke. J. A. A Field Guide to Medicinal Plants. Eastern and Central N. America. 1990.
A concise book dealing with almost 500 species. A line drawing of each plant is included plus colour photographs of about 100 species. Very good as a field guide, it only gives brief details about the plants medicinal properties.
[233] Thomas. G. S. Perennial Garden Plants 1990.
A concise guide to a wide range of perennials. Lots of cultivation guides, very little on plant uses.
[235] Britton. N. L. Brown. A. An Illustrated Flora of the Northern United States and Canada 1970.
Reprint of a 1913 Flora, but still a very useful book.
[240] Chopra. R. N., Nayar. S. L. and Chopra. I. C. Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants (Including the Supplement). 1986.
Very terse details of medicinal uses of plants with a wide range of references and details of research into the plants chemistry. Not for the casual reader.
[257] Moerman. D. Native American Ethnobotany 1998.
Very comprehensive but terse guide to the native uses of plants. Excellent bibliography, fully referenced to each plant, giving a pathway to further information. Not for the casual reader.

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